Pupil dilatation on the other hand is the result of sympathetic activity. The medial recti increase in tone causing the two eyes to converge. At the same time the sphincter pupillae contracts eliminating the passage of light through the peripheral, thinner part of the lens. This results in three responses: the ciliary muscles contract, relaxing the zonules causing the lens to become more globular, increasing the refractive power. Bilateral stimulation from pre-striate cortex area 19 to the Edinger-Westphal nuclei will do the same trick. Vision is not needed to achieve accommodation. The efferent limb passes from the occipital lobe to the midbrain, where some fibres activate the Edinger-Westphal nucleus as well as the vergence cells in the reticular formation. With accommodation the afferent limb of the reflex passes from the retina to the occipital lobe via the lateral geniculate body. Postganglionic fibres run in the short ciliary nerves and enter the iris to supply the sphincter pupillae (Figure 1). Pre ganglionic parasympathetic fibres enter the oculomotor nerve, leave the branch to the inferior oblique, and synapse in the ciliary ganglion. This pathway results in the direct and indirect light reflex as the input to one optic nerve reaches both Edinger-Westphal nuclei. The contralateral Edinger-Westphal nucleus is reached by way of the posterior commissure. Each pretectal nucleus is linked to its ipsilateral Edinger-Westphal nucleus by internuncial neurons. Fibres leaving the optic chiasm enter both optic tracts and terminate in the pretectal nuclei. The afferent pathway starts in the ganglion cell layer of the retina, which gives rise to the optic nerves. Pupillary constriction is the result of the parasympathetic system activity and is normal in response to two types of stimuli light falling on the retinal photoreceptors and the effort of near reflex and accommodation.Ĭonstriction of the pupils in response to light involves four sets of neurons. The clinical examination of the pupils and pupillary reflexes are crucial in obtaining an accurate diagnosis of a clinical problem. Pupil size is a result of the interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system supplying the intrinsic muscles within the iris, the dilator and sphincter pupillae respectively. To start at the beginning, the pupil is the central aperture of the iris, its size controlling the amount of light falling on the retina, varying in diameter from about 1-8mm. It is a skill required in eye casualty, clinics and perhaps most importantly, exams. Understanding pupillary reactions is vital in understanding basic neuro-opthalmology.
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“Agora’s Board of Trustees cannot speculate about how the Pennsylvania Department of Education will perceive the Board’s actions when Agora seeks renewal of its charter,” said Steffey’s statement. In a statement released to Capital & Main, Steffey confirmed that the Agora board hadn’t made a final decision regarding its curriculum services contract with K12 but otherwise refused to publically comment on the political considerations behind the board’s thinking. without K12, our application looks better.” “Mary Steffey, the board president, that, ‘Becoming self-managed puts us in a better position to be re-chartered by the state.’ And she had said that the current conversations that are happening between the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Agora board. “That application is going out soon,” McNulty noted. His understanding of the board’s rationale, he told Capital & Main, was for it to take on self-management and consider another online curriculum vendor - Agora’s continued affiliation with K12 had become a political liability in getting Agora’s five-year charter renewed by Pennsylvania this year. Math teacher Michael McNulty is a five-year Agora cyber high school veteran who logged onto both of the charter’s virtual August board meetings. April’s decision by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) that it would no longer accept coursework from 24 virtual charters that use K12 to provide their online curriculum, including both Agora Cyber Charter and California’s largest online charter network, the California Virtual Academy (CAVA).This spring’s formal opinion by New Mexico’s Attorney General that a Farmington, NM-based K12 affiliate is in violation of a state law forbidding a for-profit company’s involvement in managing a charter school.Last month’s order by Tennessee’s education commissioner for the closure of K12’s affiliate there, Tennessee Virtual Academy, at the end of the 2014-15 school year, citing its dramatically poor academic performance.Last year’s loss of a management contract at Colorado Virtual Academies (COVA) - that state’s largest cyber charter - for the 2014 school year after complaints by parents and COVA about the company’s mismanagement of resources and misplaced priorities.Investors had already been skittish following an avalanche of recent setbacks for the company, including: The call-in’s moment of revelation can be heard here: So when news of the August 5 decision came to light during an August 14 K12 Fourth Quarter investor conference call, it sent K12’s high-performing stock into a nearly 13-point tailspin. The action came nearly three weeks after an August 5 vote by Agora’s board to not renew its management contract with the online learning giant beginning with the 2015-16 school year.Īgora had been the jewel of K12’s 29-state network of virtual charters, accounting for 14 percent of the company’s annual revenues of $848.2 million. The latest sign that the nation’s 14-year romance with the for-profit cyber charter industry might be cooling came last week when the Board of Trustees for Pennsylvania’s scandal-plagued Agora Cyber Charter School discussed completely severing its relationship with K12 Inc., the nation’s largest for-profit cyber charter management and curriculum supplier. It was covered by only from three to five feet of soil, which led to unplanned dips on roads and trails and plumbing problems from pipes broken by shifting soil. The foundation’s ambitious building plans included an information center and clubhouse, a weather station, comfort stations, an administration/library building and an auditorium.Īdding roads and structures to the garden proved problematic because of the settling of the landfill over the years. The county may have approved the plan, but it left most of the work of developing the land to the South Coast Botanic Garden Foundation, the operating group founded in 1961 by Young and her colleagues.ĭuring 1961, the group planted approximately 40,000 plants they had acquired through donations from various sources, including the county arboretum. An estimated 200 people attended the dedication of the garden on May 20 of that year, a ceremony that included the facility’s first plantings - three gingko trees. Chace, in 1958 to set aside a portion of the landfill site to develop a regional botanic garden.Īfter much cajoling and persuading, the county agreed to the idea, officially designating the 87 acres of the landfill on the east side of Crenshaw as the South Coast Botanic Garden on April 1, 1960. Young, along with her South Bay Garden Club cohorts and a widening group of local gardening enthusiasts, began petitioning the Board of Supervisors, specifically Supervisor Burton W. The Palos Verdes Landfill operated on the site from 1957 to 1980. The county’s long-range plan was to turn the site into a park, but first, the decision was made to use it as a landfill before covering and converting it. By 1956, the mine had played out, and Great Lakes sold the land to Los Angeles County for $1.1 million. purchased the site and began mining it intensively. In 1929, open-pit mining began there and in 1944, the Great Lakes Carbon Corp. Be sure to name the cat in the CAT PREFERENCE field at the beginning of the questionnaire. You may also fill out our adoption questionnaire to speed up the screening process. If you are interested in learning more about him or in possibly adopting him, please click here to email his foster parent.If you are unable to send an email to the foster parent through the link included above, please contact us and let us know what kitty you're interested in. If you'd like to read a much more detailed and comprehensive FAQ about FIV, we recommend this site. The disease is extremely hard to transmit from cat to cat, requiring direct blood contact (typically from a deep puncture wound). FIV is not a big deal given proper care and attention, an FIV+ cat will live the same lifespan as an FIV negative cat. Will you make Nicky happy?! He has tested positive for FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus). He's a very patient, loving, handsome guy! Nicky would love to have his own home where he would be cared for and he could make up for the time of neglect in the streets. Nicky could be in a home with another cat or as the only kitty. Nicky is about 6 years old, so he's fairly young for a cat. He's an absolute miracle cat! Nicky is recovering extremely well from the surgery and indulges in eating his favorite foods. Nicky received the operation to repair the hernia at one of the best hospitals in Los Angeles. Just in time for his life saving surgery. With proper TLC and medication, Nicky started to gain weight and his skin cleared up. But Nicky has a strong will to live and he is a super nice cat! He purrs immediately when you start petting him. It was a race with time, because Nicky was in such bad condition at first, that he was not a candidate for surgery. The vet thinks that he had been hit by a car at some point and the hernia kept getting bigger, literally pushing his intestines into his lungs and against his heart. (photo of him the night he was rescued by request). He was underweight, his skin had sores and scabs all over, he had injured paws and a diaphragmatic hernia. He built him an adorable little house made out of a cardboard box and covered with plastic to protect Nicky from the cold and rain. But the homeless man didn't have the means to take Nicky to the vet. The application can be obtained on our website DOB: 4/1/17 Nicky is an absolute survivor! A homeless man near Skidrow started feeding Nicky when he was already in bad shape. An application needs to be filled out prior to meeting any of our cats. Lily's foster mom just adores her and says that "Lily is the perfect companion for anyone looking for a sweet, mellow, and cuddly kitty to be their best friend."īring this gorgeous and sweet girl into your life and you will be one lucky human!Īdoption only open to Southern California residents. Often a shake of the treat bag is all it takes to get her nudging and chirping for a taste! Her first love language is affection.and her second love language is treats and snacks. Lily is very mellow and prefers to lounge around rather than play with toys. She is always curious to know what is going on by looking out windows or greeting whoever is coming home. Once she gets to know her humans, her social and attention-loving side really comes out. She is also a very sweet and gentle fluffball. Lily is an absolute beauty - just look at that adorable, petite face and her gorgeous eyes! We now have hundreds of codes for a variety of popular stores. Our team has a secret recipe for quickly locating all recent deals available while also removing any invalid or expired ones. It's tempting to use your credit card to buy anything that catches your eye. From the comfort of your own home, you can now order almost anything. Online shopping is all the buzz in today's digital world. 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If you choose to go officer (and you should take a hard look at it), it's very competitive to get Intelligence Officer because it's highly desirable (though Navy has ways to apply for it in specific, other branches afaik don't). If by the end of this thread you decide CL is your goal, I would suggest a new thread with a title like "Which branch should I enlist in for Cryptologic Linguist?" or similar, and as you did correctly here make sure to have a little context in your OP as to what your priorities are in terms of branch choice.Īs KC notes, Linguist is an enlisted job, not officer. Most of the branches have Cryptologic Linguists, it's not an AF niche specialty. If you want a more out there with people job, hands-down you want to look at Army (35M is most obvious, but there are others). They do an NSA-style job of putting on headphones and listening to intercepted voices and reporting on them. Note a Linguist does not generally do a CIA-style gig of sneaking around talking to people in other languages. Yes Cryptologic Linguist can be a pretty cool career and definitely set you up for 3-letter agency civilian jobs, though for State and USAID it's debatable whether Linguist is a huge advantage or just moderately so vice other military fields. I was an enlisted Cryptologic Linguist in the Marines, then went Artillery officer, did a combat tour in the invasion of Iraq as a Forward Observer officer, then two tours in Civil Affairs (like Peace Corps but military), then got out and went to grad school on the GI Bill for IS and worked Foreign Affairs analysis gigs in DC and overseas International Development work. Thank you all so much for your sacrifices and for your time serving in the military. Would these positions complement my personality? What can I gain from these positions? What can I give? What are the biggest pros for both? Biggest cons? What do you wish you had know before choosing to be a Cryptological Linguist? Should I pursue the officer route after college? Would this job give me a bigger opportunity to pursue civilian careers such as in intelligence or diplomacy?Īlso, I am an extrovert and I very much enjoy working with teams and talking with a variety of individuals. I have done some research on both, but I would like some testimonials from both. I am still wondering as to which position I should go for. I very much enjoy learning languages and I have a strong desire to apply my language skills for a greater purpose such as serving my country and giving a sacrifice. I have been seriously considering joining the military and the branch that has interested me the most is the Air Force since they offer positions like the Cryptological Linguist Analyst. Hello, I am currently a college student of 21 years of age pursuing a degree in International Relations and History and studying Arabic.
On your phone, go to Settings > Sound > Phone Ring Tone and you should see your MP3 file there. Copy the MP3 file of your choice into the "Ring Tones" Folderĭ. Open your computer and browse to your mobile deviceĬ. Now just sync your iPhone 6S/6S Plus/6/6 Plus/5S/5C/5 with your iTunes library, go to your iPhone's settings, and set the ringtone under the Sounds options.?ī. The new ringtone will automatically be added to the ringtones folder. m4r file or drag it into the iTunes source column in order to add it to your iTunes library. Then go to the View tab and uncheck the box for "Hide extensions for known file types." That should do the trick.ĭouble-click the. Simply open the Control Panel, select Appearance and Personalization, then click the Folder Options. Note: For Windows users, you're going to want to change your computer settings if you can't see the extension when trying to rename the file. Go to the desktop - or wherever you saved the file - and change the extension from ".m4a" to ".m4r." Confirm the changes to continue. After the conversion, you can get the output audios via clicking the Open button. Hit the big "Start conversion" button to starting conversion. Start conversion for making Christmas ringtone You can customize meta of the extract audio including sample rate, bitrate and audio channel. Tips: Click "Settings" to open the "Profile Setting" window which will open to the right of the program. Note: Keep in mind that ringtones continually run in 30-second (or less) loops, so keep your audio within 30 seconds.Ĭlick on the "Format" bar and choose "M4A - MPEG-4 Audio(*.m4v)" for iPhone or "MP3 - MPEG Layer-3 Audio(*.mp3)" from "Common Audio" for Samsung phones. When it plays to where you would like to set as starting time, click the left square bracket to set it, and use the right square bracket to set the ending time in the same way. Click the "Play" button to play the audio. In the Video Editor, set starting and ending time. mod, *.tod, *.mts, *.m2ts, *.ts, *.mkv, *.mxf, *.mvi.Ĭlick "Edit selected task" button to cut song/audio for your phone. Or you can also drag and drop your files directly to the main interface of the extractor. Drag and drop the videos to the software. Run Christmas Ringtone Maker on computer. Get it now to make personalized Christmas ringtones!įree Download or Purchase iFastime Video Converter Ultimate:įree Trial Buy Now Create Christmas Ringtone from Christmas videos For making ringtone for 2015 Christmas, you can get the Mac Christmas Ringtone Maker. The built-in video editor lets you cut the video/audio clip with precise trimming and multiple output styles. Advanced users are allowed to adjust audio codec, bitrate, sample rate and channel for an optimized result. It is helpful to extract audios as MP3, FLAC, AAC, AC3, WAV, M4A for iPhone/Samsung ringtone videos from Christmas in video/audio AVI, MP4, WMV, MOV, FLV, WMA and more at a sharp speed without quality loss. So, a reliable audio extractor for desktop is suggested here- iFastime Video Converter Ultimate. But, sometimes desktop software delivers stable functions, much better performance and richer output. There are many plug-ins integrating with browser which is considered as supplying an efficient way to extract audio frome online websites. Countless programs swarm into the market dazzling users. There is no way to extract audio from Christmas movies and videos except making use of an top-notch audio extractor. Then you can follow the guide below to make Christmas ringtones for your phone.Įxtract MP3/M4A etc, Audio from Christmas videos If you do not have certain Christmas songs in your music list but are attracted by the songs and want to make ringtones, for example, make ringtones from YouTube videos, make ringtones from online players, make ringtones from camera recordings. Isn't it amazing to dress up your phone with exciting Christmas ringtones? Then how to accomplish the task? It is a meaningful thing to create your special Christmas ringtone to feel the spirit of Christmas. In addition to presents, decorations, food and drinks for your Xmas feast, don't forget about one of the most important thing - Christmas song. Christmas is almost here and we are pretty sure you have much to do. Cap has also used an energy shield that simulated vibranium and had the ability to change shape. He tried on an Asgardian-made shield composed of the metal uru forged by the dwarves of Nidavellier. When he couldn’t use his original shield due to the damage it had sustained, Cap tried shields of all types. Captain America’s shield was broken, fixed, smashed and fixed again multiple times. Though in the early days of the Avengers, Tony Stark was very curious about the shield and experimented on it while Cap used various steel shields that sustained all sorts of damage and were broken in multiple issues, which was more of a retcon explanation to the faulty durability of Cap’s shields up to that point.įor a time he used a pure vibranium shield, but Thanos smashed that to bits while wearing the infinity gauntlet. It’s been Captain America’s go-to when he needs to discus throw his shield at a baddie, or guard an innocent against attack. Myron Maclain explains he was experimenting with bonding steel to vibranium, fell asleep and the metals somehow conjoined, accidentally creating adamantium.Ĭaptain America's Shield in Modern Marvel ComicsĬap has wielded all types of shields, and has had more than a few shattered, but his preferred arm accessory is the adamantium disc. It wasn’t revealed just what this alloy was until Captain America #303, in which Dr. It was hinted at as a “metallurgical accident” that yielded a nearly indestructible metal alloy. But the metal composing the shield wasn’t revealed until much later on. Rival comic book company MLJ claimed the shield too closely resembled a shield wielded by one of its own heroes and threatened a copyright lawsuit. The reason the shield was retired had more to do with legal threats against what would become Marvel Comics. Unlike the iconic disc-shield Captain America wields currently, the star-spangled-crusader’s original shield was shaped more like a medieval knight’s “heater shield.” He wielded this steel shield in his debut, Captain America Comic #1, but it was gone by the next issue. Related: Iron Man vs Captain America: Who Won More of Their Comic Fights? Captain America's Original Metal Shield |
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